Aortic Regurgitation
Definition It is a congenital defect of the heart in which the Aortic Valve of the heart does not close tightly causing the regurgitation of blood from the aorta to…
Atrial Septal Defect
Definition: It is a congenital defect in the septum between two atria. Common in females M:F = 1:2. Types: There are 2 types of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) 1. Ostium…
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Definition It is the dysfunction of SA node characterised by attacks of sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest or junctional rhythm which may lead to dizziness or syncope, followed by episodes of…
WPW Syndrome
Definition It is a syndrome in which there is an accessory pathway that bypasses the AV node and connects the atrium and ventricle (by bundles of Kent). May be associated…
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Definition It is a type of tachycardia that occurs due to re-entry or rapidly firing ectopic focus in atria or AV node. Causes 1. Physiological Causes Anxiety,…
Rheumatic Fever
Definition It is a multisystem disorder that occurs as a sequele to pharyngitis by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus. Mechanism It is due to autoimmune reaction due to molecular mimicry between…
Congestive Cardiac Failure
Definition Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) actually means right-sided heart failure. There is inability of the right ventricle to propel blood resulting in backflow of blood to systemic veins causing engorged…