Marfan’s Syndrome
What is Marfan’s Syndrome Definition It is a connective tissue disorder inherited as autosomal dominant trait due to mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene, a component of extracellular matrix. The fibrillin…
Cardiac Tamponade
Definition It is a state of compression of the heart in rapidly developing pericardial effusion. It interferes with the diastolic filling of the heart and the patient develops features of…
Endocarditis
Definition It is the infection of the endocardium (inner layer), mainly the lining of the chamber or heart valve or congenital anomaly. It usually occurs at the site of pre-existing…
Myocarditis
Definition It is the inflammation of the myocardium(middle layer) of heart. Causes 1. Infection: –– Viral—Coxsackie A and B, influenza A and B. –– Bacterial—Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease).…
Pericardiocentesis
Definition It is the aspiration of pericardial fluid. Done under ultrasonographic or echocardiographic guidance. Aspiration needle is introduced through the left costoxiphoid junction, directed upwards, backward, and towards the left…
Pericardial Effusion
Definition Accumulation of fluid in the space between parietal and visceral pericardium. Causes of Pericardial Effusion • After acute pericarditis (bacterial, viral). • Tuberculosis (most common). • Collagen diseases (SLE,…
Acute Pericarditis
Definition It is the acute inflammation of the pericardium (The outer layer of cardiac muscle) called Acute Pericarditis. Causes of Acute Pericarditis • Viral (coxsackie B, echovirus)—common cause. • Acute…
Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis
Definition It is a disease of heart muscle characterized by progressive thickening, fibrosis and calcification of pericardium. Commonly, involves right side of the heart. Causes • Infection—TB and coxsackie B…