Tag: treatment

Definition: It is a congenital defect in the septum between two atria. Common in females M:F = 1:2. Types: There are 2 types of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) 1. Ostium…

Definition It is the dysfunction of SA node characterised by attacks of sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest or junctional rhythm which may lead to dizziness or syncope, followed by episodes of…

Definition It is a syndrome in which there is an accessory pathway that bypasses the AV node and connects the atrium and ventricle (by bundles of Kent). May be associated…

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Definition It is a type of tachycardia that occurs due to re-entry or rapidly firing ectopic focus in atria or AV node. Causes 1. Physiological Causes Anxiety,…

Definition When the heart rate is greater than 100/min in sinus ( rhythm. Causes 1. Physiological—anxiety, emotion, exercise, pain, pregnancy. 2. Pathological— –– Anaemia. –– Fever. –– Thyrotoxicosis. –– Shock…

Definition When heart rate is less than 60/min in sinus rhythm. Causes of Sinus Bradycardia 1. Physiological (due to increased vagal tone)— –– Athlete. –– Sleep. –– Occasionally, healthy elderly.…

Definition When the impulse originate from AV node, it is called nodal or junctional rhythm. If the rate is high, it is called junctional tachycardia. Usually, it occurs due to…

Definition It is a multisystem disorder that occurs as a sequele to pharyngitis by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus. Mechanism It is due to autoimmune reaction due to molecular mimicry between…

Definition Persistent rise of arterial BP above the arbitrarily normal range. If systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed as…

Definition Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) actually means right-sided heart failure. There is inability of the right ventricle to propel blood resulting in backflow of blood to systemic veins causing engorged…