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• Cardiac causes: –– Acute myocardial infarction.–– Angina pectoris.–– Pericarditis–– Myocarditis.–– Dissecting aortic aneurysm. • Non-cardiac causes: –– Spontaneous pneumothorax.–– Pulmonary embolism.–– Reflux oesophagitis.–– Oesophageal tear (Mallory Weis syndrome).–– Mediastinitis.––…
White Coat Hypertension When blood pressure is recorded in a hospital set-up or in the physician’s clinic, there may be transient rise in BP in a normal individual. This is…
Definition Persistent rise of arterial BP above the arbitrarily normal range. If systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed as…
Definition Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) actually means right-sided heart failure. There is inability of the right ventricle to propel blood resulting in backflow of blood to systemic veins causing engorged…
Causes of Biventricular Heart Failure • Cardiomyopathy (dilated cardiomyopathy). • Myocarditis. • Ischaemic heart disease (such as extensive myocardial infarction). • Right-sided heart failure secondary to left-sided heart failure (e.g.…
It is the discrete pigmentation in the face of females, due to imbalance between oestrogen andprogesterone. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is normal. Causes are—• Pregnancy.• Sunlight exposure.• Drugs (oral contraceptive and phenytoin).•…
Puffy FaceCauses are—• Nephrotic syndrome.• Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN).• Myxoedema.• SVC obstruction.• Acromegaly.• Angioneurotic oedema.• Cushing’s syndrome.• Chronic alcoholism.• Severe congestive cardiac failure.• Hereditary angio-oedema.
Causes are—• Trauma.• Tuberculosis (TB)(lupus vulgaris).• Leprosy.• Sarcoidosis.• Congenital syphilis (also tertiary).• Wegener’s granulomatosis.• Fungal infection (deep).• Idiopathic midline granuloma.• Cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Rash on the cheeks and bridge of the nose sparing the nasolabial fold is called Butterfly Rash.Causes are—• Systemic lupus erythematosus or discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE).• Dermatomyositis.• Mixed connective tissue…
• Trauma. • Tuberculosis (TB)(lupus vulgaris). • Leprosy. • Sarcoidosis. • Congenital syphilis (also tertiary). • Wegener’s granulomatosis. • Fungal infection (deep). • Idiopathic midline granuloma. • Cutaneous leishmaniasis.