Causes of Bronchiectasis
What are the causes of Bronchiectasis? 1. Congenital or hereditary— – Cystic fibrosis. – Kartagener’s syndrome (triad of bronchiectasis, dextrocardia and sinusitis or frontal sinus agenesis). – Primary ciliary dyskinesia…
Coarctation of Aorta
Definition Coarctation of aorta (COA) is the narrowing of the aorta. Types: 2 Types 1. Postductal (adult type): Below the origin of left subclavian artery, where ductus arteriosus joins the…
Ventricular Aneurysm
Definition Pocketing of ventricular wall, which swells into a bubble filled with blood, resulting from previous heart attack. If in ECG, ST remains elevated after a few months of acute…
Tetralogy of Fallot
Definition It is a cyanotic congenital heart disease consisting of the following: 1. Pulmonary stenosis (right ventricular outflow tract obstruction). 2. Overriding and dextroposition of aorta (aortic origin—two-thirds from left…