WPW Syndrome
Definition It is a syndrome in which there is an accessory pathway that bypasses the AV node and connects the atrium and ventricle (by bundles of Kent). May be associated…
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Definition It is a type of tachycardia that occurs due to re-entry or rapidly firing ectopic focus in atria or AV node. Causes 1. Physiological Causes Anxiety,…
Sinus Tachycardia
Definition When the heart rate is greater than 100/min in sinus ( rhythm. Causes 1. Physiological—anxiety, emotion, exercise, pain, pregnancy. 2. Pathological— –– Anaemia. –– Fever. –– Thyrotoxicosis. –– Shock…
Sinus Bradycardia
Definition When heart rate is less than 60/min in sinus rhythm. Causes of Sinus Bradycardia 1. Physiological (due to increased vagal tone)— –– Athlete. –– Sleep. –– Occasionally, healthy elderly.…
Arrhythmia
Definition It is defined as the disorder of rate, rhythm and conduction of cardiac impulse. Types 1. Impulse arising from SA node (Sinus arrhythmia)— –– Sinus arrhythmia. –– Sinus tachycardia.…
Rheumatic Fever
Definition It is a multisystem disorder that occurs as a sequele to pharyngitis by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus. Mechanism It is due to autoimmune reaction due to molecular mimicry between…
Hypertension
Definition Persistent rise of arterial BP above the arbitrarily normal range. If systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed as…
Congestive Cardiac Failure
Definition Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) actually means right-sided heart failure. There is inability of the right ventricle to propel blood resulting in backflow of blood to systemic veins causing engorged…