Tag: complications

What is Pulmonary Hypertension It is defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 25 mm Hg at rest and > 30 mm Hg during exercise. Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension 1.…

Definition It is the aspiration of pericardial fluid. Done under ultrasonographic or echocardiographic guidance. Aspiration needle is introduced through the left costoxiphoid junction, directed upwards, backward, and towards the left…

Definition It is the acute inflammation of the pericardium (The outer layer of cardiac muscle) called Acute Pericarditis. Causes of Acute Pericarditis • Viral (coxsackie B, echovirus)—common cause. • Acute…

Definition of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by hypertrophy of cardiac muscle with misalignment of the cardiac fibers.Hypertrophy may be generalized or…

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus It is a congenital heart disease in which ductus arteriosus (a hole) fails to close after birth, causing the oxygenated blood flow from the aorta…

What is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) It is a type of congenital heart disease, in which there is a defect (hole) in the ventricular septal, causing the blood flow from…

Definition of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome Pulmonary hypertension with reversal of shunt is called Eisenmenger’s syndrome. Causes of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome VSD, ASD, PDA. In these cases, persistently raised pulmonary flow (due to…

Definition Coarctation of aorta (COA) is the narrowing of the aorta. Types: 2 Types 1. Postductal (adult type): Below the origin of left subclavian artery, where ductus arteriosus joins the…

Definition Pocketing of ventricular wall, which swells into a bubble filled with blood, resulting from previous heart attack. If in ECG, ST remains elevated after a few months of acute…

History of Monkey Pox Virus Smallpox became extinct in 1990. The monkeypox is a member of that smallpox family – orthopoxvirus. The virus was first detected in monkeys in 1958, hence…