Category: Cardiology

What is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) It is a type of congenital heart disease, in which there is a defect (hole) in the ventricular septal, causing the blood flow from…

Definition of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome Pulmonary hypertension with reversal of shunt is called Eisenmenger’s syndrome. Causes of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome VSD, ASD, PDA. In these cases, persistently raised pulmonary flow (due to…

Definition Coarctation of aorta (COA) is the narrowing of the aorta. Types: 2 Types 1. Postductal (adult type): Below the origin of left subclavian artery, where ductus arteriosus joins the…

Definition Pocketing of ventricular wall, which swells into a bubble filled with blood, resulting from previous heart attack. If in ECG, ST remains elevated after a few months of acute…

Definition It is a cyanotic congenital heart disease consisting of the following: 1. Pulmonary stenosis (right ventricular outflow tract obstruction). 2. Overriding and dextroposition of aorta (aortic origin—two-thirds from left…

Definition It is a congenital defect of the heart in which the Aortic Valve of the heart does not close tightly causing the regurgitation of blood from the aorta to…

Definition: It is a congenital defect in the septum between two atria. Common in females M:F = 1:2. Types: There are 2 types of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) 1. Ostium…

Definition It is the dysfunction of SA node characterised by attacks of sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest or junctional rhythm which may lead to dizziness or syncope, followed by episodes of…

Definition It is a syndrome in which there is an accessory pathway that bypasses the AV node and connects the atrium and ventricle (by bundles of Kent). May be associated…

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Definition It is a type of tachycardia that occurs due to re-entry or rapidly firing ectopic focus in atria or AV node. Causes 1. Physiological Causes Anxiety,…