Category: Cardiology

Definition When the heart rate is greater than 100/min in sinus ( rhythm. Causes 1. Physiological—anxiety, emotion, exercise, pain, pregnancy. 2. Pathological— –– Anaemia. –– Fever. –– Thyrotoxicosis. –– Shock…

Definition When heart rate is less than 60/min in sinus rhythm. Causes of Sinus Bradycardia 1. Physiological (due to increased vagal tone)— –– Athlete. –– Sleep. –– Occasionally, healthy elderly.…

Definition When the impulse originate from AV node, it is called nodal or junctional rhythm. If the rate is high, it is called junctional tachycardia. Usually, it occurs due to…

Definition It is defined as the disorder of rate, rhythm and conduction of cardiac impulse. Types 1. Impulse arising from SA node (Sinus arrhythmia)— –– Sinus arrhythmia. –– Sinus tachycardia.…

Definition It is a multisystem disorder that occurs as a sequele to pharyngitis by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus. Mechanism It is due to autoimmune reaction due to molecular mimicry between…

Definition It is an arrhythmia in which heart rate increases in inspiration and decreases in expiration. It is a benign condition, common in children and young adults. Sometimes, in healthy…

Types of Congenital Heart Diseases: Cyanotic • Tetralogy of Fallot. • Transposition of great vessels. • Truncus arteriosus. • Pulmonary atresia. • Tricuspid atresia. • Ebstein’s anomaly. Acyanotic • Left…

• Cardiac causes: –– Acute myocardial infarction.–– Angina pectoris.–– Pericarditis–– Myocarditis.–– Dissecting aortic aneurysm. • Non-cardiac causes: –– Spontaneous pneumothorax.–– Pulmonary embolism.–– Reflux oesophagitis.–– Oesophageal tear (Mallory Weis syndrome).–– Mediastinitis.––…

White Coat Hypertension When blood pressure is recorded in a hospital set-up or in the physician’s clinic, there may be transient rise in BP in a normal individual. This is…

Definition Persistent rise of arterial BP above the arbitrarily normal range. If systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed as…